Gender socialization, as one of the most basic types of socialization, affects a person's individual and social life, including the stability of his or her marital life. The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between gender socialization and divorce between 178 divorced women and 222 women with emotional divorce, which was conducted by survey method in Bandar Abbas. This study used biological and social theories to explain gender socialization and theories of structural functionalism and the love triangle to explain divorce. In the present study, simple and stratified random sampling proportional to volume was used for women with emotional divorce and chain sampling was used for divorced women. Questionnaire data were collected through interviews and face validity was confirmed through literature review and expert judgment, structural validity was confirmed by factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that gender socialization of 29.4% of divorced women and 70.6% of women with emotional divorce is traditional, and on the other hand 60.2% of divorced women and 39.8% of women with emotional divorce, Had a modern gender socialization. According to the results of Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between the type of gender socialization of women, gender values, gender inequality and power relations with the type of divorce. Accordingly, women with emotional divorce have a more traditional outlook than divorced women.

Background & Aim: Suicide is an intentional death that occurs three time in women to men. Nurses can influence in presentation of educational program and consultation in school, job environment and home as well as detection of person who suspected to suicide. This study has conducted to determine the causes of suicide in Married women. Methods & Materials: This investigation is a descriptive study that has been made among women who admitted to Loghmanoddole-Adham poisoning emergency center in Tehran, Iran (the only poisoning emergency center in Tehran) during one year (from December 2001 to December 2002). Inclusion criteria were female, Married, without history of medical, mental disorders and confession to suicide. Data were collected by a questionnaire and interview and were analyzed with descriptive statistics and a chi-square test.Results: According to the result, there was statistically significant differences between age groups, living areas, educational levels, jobs and financially states. 37.4% of women had forced marry; 50.5% had feared of their husband; 67.7% had experienced husband’s violence; 74.7% didn’t know any supportive sources in the society. 82.8% of women used of medications (tablets) for suicide. Conclusion: This research showed that family violence and marital conflict are the most important etiology of suicide in the women. Nurses can decrease of acting to suicide in Married women with detection of family violence, increasing of clients' self-esteem, referring and follow up.

Introduction: Considering the lack of knowledge in the field of infidelity and its consequences in the country and the insufficient familiarity with the expressions of infidelity behaviors, the present study aimed at investigating the phenomenological experience of infidelity in Married women. Methods: The present study used a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Population of the study included women engaged in infidelity visiting one of the consultation centers in the city of Tehran in the year 2017. Sampling of the population was carried out using the targeted snowball sampling method. Size of the sample was increased up to saturation point and, overall, 10 Married women with the experience of infidelity were subjected to investigation. Semi-structured interview method was used to gather data and the data were analyzed through the Colaizzi's method. Results: The results demonstrated that infidelity occurs due to several factors including deficiency needs, the perpetrators' psychological qualities, marital compatibility, consequences expected from infidelity, and etiology of starting infidelity. Discussion: There are several factors involved in women's inclination to infidelity. Based on the findings of the present study, the practical proposition is to arrange therapy sessions and instructional manuals based on the concepts and axes extracted from the analysis of the interviews with people who have shared their phenomenological experience of infidelity with us.

Background: Marital satisfaction is one of the factors affecting life which influences the permanence and durability of the Married life. This study aimed at assessing marital satisfaction and some of its associated factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 500 Married women who referred to health care centers and obstetrics and gynecology clinics in 2017 were evaluated using the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean score of marital satisfaction was 118. 33± 22. 06. Based on the marital satisfaction score, 6 (1. 2%) of the participants had low marital satisfaction; 132 (26. 4%) had moderate marital satisfaction; 281 (56. 2%) had a high marital satisfaction and 81 (16. 2%) had very high marital satisfaction. Significant relationships were observed between marital satisfaction and age (P. V=0. 005), length of marriage (P. V=0. 001), age of spouse (P. V=0. 003), number of children (P. V=0. 003), age at the first marriage (0. 024), woman’ s education and husband's education (P. V=0. 001), income (P. V=0. 001), pregnancy experience (P. V=0. 001) and childbirth experience (P. V=0. 001). However, there was no significant relationship between marital satisfaction and job, husband's job and place of residence (P. V≥ 0. 005). Conclusions: Since marital satisfaction was found to be associated with age, education, age of the spouse, length of the marriage, number of children, income, pregnancy experience and childbirth experience, the establishment of marital counseling in health care centers and providing premarital counseling for the couples can help them improve their marital satisfaction.

Background and Objective: Family violence is known as a painful reality which does impact on all aspects of the victims' lives. The burden of family violence on the health of 15-44 year old women is more than that of breast cancer, womb cancer and the accident. This study was done to determine the effective factors on confronting violence on Married women.Methods: This descriptive - analysis study was done on 273 Married women whom referred to health centers in Kordkuy city in Golestan province, north of Iran during 2011. The sample size has been made through casual classification out of proportionate sharing. The rate of exposure to physical, psychological and sexual violence was recorded in questionnaire for each subject.Results: The average age and marital age of women and their husbands was 29.4±7.8, 19.6±3.7 and 23.6± 3.9 years, respectively. 86.2% of the women were housewives. The exposure rate of physical, psychological and sexual violence was: 32.8%, 49% and 33.7%, respectively. The important factors related to womens and husbands were education of women and their husbands, women employement, marriage age of women and their husbands (P<0.05). The important factors related to family were number of children and household income (P<0.05).Conclusion: Level of education, employee, marriatal age and family income were the effective factors in confronting violence on Married women in northern Iran.

Leisure time is an exceptional opportunity to transmit culture and foster social cohesion and happiness; however, the reality of women's leisure time consumption in cities and especially in Tehran's metropolitan area indicates a much lower share of leisure time than men and that there are serious limitations on their leisure, sports, and recreational facilities. The current study aimed at examining Married women's leisure problems in Tehran. The research approach was qualitative and 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of experts (policymakers, executives and university professors). Thematic Analysis was used for data analysing. It was found that two global themes of "Intra-governmental" and "Extra-governmental" problems could explain the leisure problems of the target group. "Marginalization", "Lack of special attention to women", "Conspicuous or exhibition policies", "Apathy" and "Managerial vacuum" are intragovernmental problems. "Restriction", "Dominance of consumption", "Accumulation of leisure" and "Conspicuous body project" are extragovernmental problems. This study illustrated that leisure problems for Married women in Tehran have a cultural root and are caused by "cultural neglect and misunderstanding" about "woman" and "leisure".

Context: In traditional communities, marriage is recognized as a mandatory requirement to having children and to achieving social status; given this context, singleness may unfavorably impact an individual’s psychological well-being. This holds particularly true for women. The purpose of the present review was to compare the single never-Married women status in Western and Eastern societies. Evidence Acquisition: Published data were gathered from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Iranian databases such as SID and Magiran. The keywords included “psychological health”, “social health”, “reproductive health”, “marriage”, “never-Married women”, “singleness”, and “single women”. Databases were searched with no time limitation and in both Persian and English languages. Results: Being single, particularly in old ages, has a variety of adverse psychological consequences in individuals, families, and communities, including depression, strained interpersonal relationships, isolation, rejection, sadness, and anxiety. Some outcomes are common, while others vary according to different cultures and religions, such as response to sexual needs. Conclusions: Singleness have positive and negative effects on individuals. The mental burdens of singleness affect persons, families, and societies. Cultural and societal peculiarities define the way how to cope with the effects of singleness. Thus, identifying the social and psychological consequences of singleness and planning to address them in accordance with the cultures and religions can be an important step for improving the well-being of never-Married women.